# NAME

`bpkg-pkg-build` – build package

# SYNOPSIS

`bpkg pkg-build|build [options] [--upgrade|-u | --patch|-p]
[cfg-var... --] pkg-spec...
bpkg pkg-build|build [options] --upgrade|-u | --patch|-p
[cfg-var... --]`

`pkg-spec = [flags](([scheme:]pkg[ver-spec]),...[@rep-loc] |
[@]rep-loc |
file |
dir/)
flags = ?
scheme = sys
ver-spec = /version | version-constraint`

# DESCRIPTION

The `pkg-build` command builds one or more packages including all their dependencies. Besides building new packages, this command is also used to upgrade or downgrade packages that are already present in the configuration. And unless the `--keep-unused|-K` option is specified, `pkg-build` will also drop dependency packages that would otherwise no longer be used.

The first form (one or more packages are specified) builds new or upgrades (by default or if `--upgrade` is specified) or patches (if `--patch` is specified) the specified packages. The second form (no arguments but either `--upgrade` or `--patch` is specified) upgrades or patches all the held packages in the configuration (see below for details on held package).

In both forms specifying the `--immediate|-i` or `--recursive|-r` option causes `pkg-build` to also upgrade or patch the immediate or all dependencies of the specified (first form) or held (second form) packages, respectively. Note also that in the first form these options can only be specified with an explicit `--upgrade` or `--patch`.

Each package can be specified as just the name (`pkg`) with optional version specification (`ver-spec`), in which case the source code for the package will be automatically fetched from one of the configured repositories. See the `bpkg-rep-add(1)` and `bpkg-rep-fetch(1)` commands for more information on package repositories. The version specification (`ver-spec`) can be either the exact version in the `/version` form or the version constraint as described in Package Version Constraint. If `ver-spec` is not specified, then the latest available version will be built. To downgrade, the desired version must be specified explicitly. For example:

    bpkg build foo libfoo/1.2.3 "bar < 2.0.0"

Alternatively, the package repository location (`rep-loc`) can be specified as part of the build command. In this case, if `ver-spec` is not specified, then the latest available from this repository version will be built. For example:

    bpkg build foo,libfoo/1.2.3@https://git.example.org/foo.git#master

If only the location is specified, then the latest versions of all the packages available directly from this repository will be built (note that this does not include packages available from complement repositories). The `@` delimiter can be omitted if the location is a URL. For example:

    bpkg build https://git.example.org/foo.git#master
    bpkg build @/path/to/repository/

A package name (`pkg`) can be prefixed with a package scheme (`scheme`). Currently the only recognized scheme is `sys` which instructs `pkg-build` to configure the package as available from the system rather than building it from source.

The system package version (`ver-spec`) may not be a version constraint but may be the special '`/*`' value, which indicates that the version should be considered unknown but satisfying any version constraint. If unspecified, then `pkg-build` will attempt to query the system package manager for the installed version unless the system package manager is unsupported or this functionality is disabled with `--sys-no-query`, in which case the '`/*`' `ver-spec` is assumed. If the system package manager is supported, then the automatic installation of an available package can be requested with the `--sys-install` option. Note that if the version is not explicitly specified, then at least a stub package must be available from one of the repositories unless the `--sys-no-stub` option is specified.

Finally, a package can be specified as either the path to the package archive (`file`) or to the package directory (`dir``/`; note that it must end with a directory separator). See the `bpkg-pkg-fetch(1)` and `bpkg-pkg-unpack(1)` commands for more information on the semantics of specifying the package as an archive or a directory.

Additional configuration variables (`cfg-var`), if any, should be specified before packages (`pkg-spec`) and should be separated with `--`. Such variables are effective only when configuring and only for packages that were explicitly specified on the command line (unless global overrides). They can also be specified to only apply to specific packages using the argument grouping mechanism discussed below. See `bpkg-pkg-configure(1)` for more information on configuration variables.

By default a package that is specified explicitly on the command line is built to hold: it will not be considered for automatic removal if it no longer has any dependents. Only versions from repositories that were added to the configuration (`bpkg-rep-add(1)`) are considered as available for build to hold.

Alternatively, a package can be built (or, more commonly, upgraded/downgraded) as a dependency by specifying the `?` flag (`flags`) or the `--dependency` option. Such a package will only be added to the configuration if it actually has any dependents and once no longer used, it will be automatically dropped. Only versions from prerequisite repositories of dependent packages are considered as available for build as a dependency.

Packages (both built to hold and as dependencies) that are specified with an explicit package version (`ver-spec`) or as an archive or directory, will have their versions held, that is, they will not be automatically upgraded.

As an illustration, let's assume in the following example that the stable repository contains packages `foo` `1.0.0` as well as `libfoo` `1.0.0` and `1.1.0` while testing – `libfoo` `2.0.0`, that testing is complemented by stable, and that `foo` depends on `libfoo >= 1.0.0`:

    bpkg fetch https://example.org/1/testing

    bpkg build foo            # build foo    1.0.0 to hold
                              # build libfoo 1.1.0 as dependency

    bpkg build ?libfoo/1.0.0  # downgrade libfoo 1.0.0 as dependency,
                              #           also hold version 1.0.0

    bpkg build ?libfoo/2.0.0  # error: 2.0.0 unavailable in dependent's
                              #        (foo) repository (stable)

    bpkg build libfoo/2.0.0   # upgrade libfoo 2.0.0 to hold,
                              #         also hold version 2.0.0

A package can be built in one of the linked configurations instead of the current (or host/build system module, for build-time dependencies) configuration by specifying one of the `--config-*` options (see `bpkg-cfg-create(1)` for background on linked configurations). For example:

    bpkg build foo { --config-name=alt-host }+ ?bison

# PKG-BUILD PACKAGE OPTIONS

The following options (as well as additional configuration variables) can be grouped to apply to a specific `pkg-spec` as well as specified globally, in which case they apply to all the specified packages (see `bpkg-argument-grouping(1)` for details).

`--upgrade`|`-u`
  Upgrade packages to the latest available version that satisfies all the constraints.
`--patch`|`-p`
  Upgrade packages to the latest available patch version that satisfies all the constraints.
`--deorphan`
  Replace orphaned packages with the best matching available package versions which satisfy all the constraints.

  It may happen that a built package no longer has the corresponding package available in the repository it came from (for example, as a result of `bpkg-rep-fetch(1)` or `bpkg-rep-remove(1)`). Such a package is called an orphan. Without the `--deorphan` option, upgrading, downgrading, or patching an orphan will leave it unchanged if a more suitable version of the package is not available. If the `--deorphan` option is specified, then an orphan will be replaced with a non-orphan. In this case, if `--upgrade`, `--patch`, or the package version is specified, then the new version is selected accordingly. Otherwise, the closest version to the orphaned version is selected using the following preference order: (1) same version, revision, and iteration, (2) latest iteration of same version and revision, (3) later revision of same version, (4) later patch of same version, (5) later minor of same version, (6) latest available version, including earlier (see Package Version for details).

`--immediate`|`-i`
  Also upgrade, patch, or deorphan immediate dependencies.
`--recursive`|`-r`
  Also upgrade, patch, or deorphan all dependencies, recursively.
`--upgrade-immediate`
  Upgrade immediate dependencies.
`--patch-immediate`
  Patch immediate dependencies.
`--deorphan-immediate`
  Deorphan immediate dependencies.
`--upgrade-recursive`
  Upgrade all dependencies, recursively.
`--patch-recursive`
  Patch all dependencies, recursively.
`--deorphan-recursive`
  Deorphan all dependencies, recursively.
`--dependency`
  Build, upgrade, or downgrade a package as a dependency rather than to hold.
`--keep-out`
  Keep output directories of external packages between upgrades and downgrades. Refer to `bpkg-pkg-disfigure(1)` for details.
`--disfigure`
  Disfigure packages between upgrades and downgrades effectively causing a from-scratch reconfiguration.
`--checkout-root` `dir`
  Check out packages that come from version control-based repositories into the specified directory rather than into the configuration directory. Refer to the `--output-root` option in `bpkg-pkg-checkout(1)` for details.
`--checkout-purge`
  Remove the checked out package (source) directories when the packages are purged. Refer to the `--output-purge` option in `bpkg-pkg-checkout(1)` for details.
`--config-name` `name`
  Name of the linked configuration to build this package(s) in. By default, the package is built in the current configuration. Repeat this option to specify multiple configurations.
`--config-id` `num`
  Numeric id of the linked configuration to build this package(s) in. By default, the package is built in the current configuration. Repeat this option to specify multiple configurations.
`--config-uuid` `uuid`
  UUID of the linked configuration to build this package(s) in. By default, the package is built in the current configuration. Repeat this this option to specify multiple configurations.

# PKG-BUILD GLOBAL OPTIONS

`--yes`|`-y`
  Assume the answer to all prompts is `yes`. Note that this excludes the system package manager prompts; see `--sys-yes` for details.
`--for`|`-f` `operation`
  Instead of the default `update` build system operation, perform the `update-for-``operation` variant where `operation` is normally `install` or `test`.
`--keep-unused`|`-K`
  Don't drop dependency packages that were automatically built but will no longer be used.
`--update-dependent`|`-U`
  Update without confirmation dependent packages that are reconfigured due to their dependencies being upgraded or downgraded.
`--leave-dependent`|`-L`
  Don't offer to update dependent packages that are reconfigured due to their dependencies being upgraded or downgraded.
`--configure-only`|`-c`
  Configure all the packages but don't update.
`--print-only`
  Print to `stdout` what would be done without actually doing anything.
`--plan` `header`
  Print the plan (even if `--yes` is specified) and start it with the `header` line (unless it is empty).
`--no-fetch`
  Don't fetch repositories specified as part of the build command.
`--fetch-shallow`
  Don't re-fetch complement and prerequisite repositories of repositories specified as part of the build command. Refer to the `--shallow` option in `bpkg-rep-fetch(1)` for details.
`--mask-repository` `rep`
  For the duration of the command execution pretend the specified repository was removed as if by performing the `rep-remove` command. The repository can be specified either as a repository name or as a repository location (URL or a directory path). Note that the repository's complement and prerequisite repositories are also considered masked, recursively, unless they are complements and/or prerequisites of other unmasked repositories. Repeat this option to mask multiple repositories.
`--mask-repository-uuid` `v`
  For the duration of the command execution pretend the specified repository was removed from the specified configuration. Similar to `--mask-repository` but only masks the repository in a single configuration. The option value is a key-value pair in the form:

  `config-uuid=rep`

  Repeat this option to mask multiple repositories.

`--no-refinement`
  Don't try to refine the configuration by offering to drop any unused dependencies that were potentially left behind on the previous `pkg-build` or `pkg-drop` command execution if the command is otherwise a noop (performs no new package builds, upgrades, etc).
`--no-move`
  Don't move dependency packages between configurations. In this mode the `--config-*` options specify packages' current rather than new locations.
`--noop-exit` `code`
  Exit with the specified error code if the command execution is a noop (performs no new package builds, upgrades, etc).
`--rebuild-checksum` `sum`
  Hash the names, versions, and configurations of all the packages that would be built. If the resulting checksum matches the specified, then exit without building anything (potentially with a special error code specified with the `--noop-exit` option). Otherwise, proceed to build as normal. In both cases, print the resulting checksum to `stdout`.
`--no-private-config` `code`
  If no configuration of a suitable type is linked to build a build-time dependency, instead of automatically creating a private configuration of this type, exit with the specified error code printing to `stdout` the dependency chain starting from the build-time dependency (together with its constraint, if present) and ending with the top-level dependent (together with their configuration directories), one entry per line. For example:

      yacc ^1.0.0
      libbar/1.0.0 /path/to/libbar/cfg/
      libfoo/1.0.0 /path/to/libfoo/cfg/

  See `bpkg-cfg-create(1)` for details on linked configurations.

`--sys-no-query`
  Do not query the system package manager for the installed versions of packages specified with the `sys` scheme.
`--sys-install`
  Instruct the system package manager to install available versions of packages specified with the `sys` scheme that are not already installed. See also the `--sys-no-fetch`, `--sys-yes`, and `--sys-sudo` options.
`--sys-no-fetch`
  Do not fetch the system package manager metadata before querying for available versions of packages specified with the `sys` scheme. This option only makes sense together with `--sys-install`.
`--sys-no-stub`
  Do no require a stub for packages specified with the `sys` scheme. Note that this option has effect only if the system package manager interactions are supported and not disabled.
`--sys-yes`
  Assume the answer to the system package manager prompts is `yes`. Note that system package manager interactions may break your system and you should normally only use this option on throw-away setups (test virtual machines, etc).
`--sys-sudo` `prog`
  The `sudo` program to use for system package manager interactions that normally require administrative privileges (fetch package metadata, install packages, etc). If unspecified, `sudo` is used by default. Pass empty or the special `false` value to disable the use of the `sudo` program. Note that the `sudo` program is normally only needed if the system package installation is enabled with the `--sys-install` option.
`--sys-distribution` `name`
  Alternative system/distribution package manager to interact with. The valid `name` values are `debian` (Debian and alike, such as Ubuntu, etc) and `fedora` (Fedora and alike, such as RHEL, CentOS, etc). Note that some package managers may only be supported when running on certain host operating systems.
`--sys-architecture` `name`
  Alternative architecture to use when interacting with the system package manager. The valid `name` values are system/distribution package manager-specific. If unspecified, the host architecture is used.
`--directory`|`-d` `dir`
  Assume current configuration is in `dir` rather than in the current working directory. Repeat this option to specify multiple current configurations. If multiple configurations are specified, they need not belong to the same linked configuration cluster.

# COMMON OPTIONS

The common options are summarized below with a more detailed description available in `bpkg-common-options(1)`.

`-v`
  Print essential underlying commands being executed.
`-V`
  Print all underlying commands being executed.
`--quiet`|`-q`
  Run quietly, only printing error messages.
`--verbose` `level`
  Set the diagnostics verbosity to `level` between 0 and 6.
`--stdout-format` `format`
  Representation format to use for printing to `stdout`.
`--jobs`|`-j` `num`
  Number of jobs to perform in parallel.
`--no-result`
  Don't print informational messages about the outcome of performing a command or some of its parts.
`--structured-result` `fmt`
  Write the result of performing a command in a structured form.
`--progress`
  Display progress indicators for long-lasting operations, such as network transfers, building, etc.
`--no-progress`
  Suppress progress indicators for long-lasting operations, such as network transfers, building, etc.
`--diag-color`
  Use color in diagnostics.
`--no-diag-color`
  Don't use color in diagnostics.
`--build` `path`
  The build program to be used to build packages.
`--build-option` `opt`
  Additional option to be passed to the build program.
`--fetch` `path`
  The fetch program to be used to download resources (packages, repository metadata, etc).
`--fetch-option` `opt`
  Additional option to be passed to the fetch program.
`--fetch-timeout` `sec`
  The fetch and fetch-like (for example, `git`) program timeout.
`--offline`
  Do not attempt to download resources (packages, repository metadata, etc), instead taking them from the local fetch cache if available and failing otherwise.
`--no-fetch-cache`
  Disable local caching of downloaded resources (packages, repository metadata, etc).
`--fetch-cache` `mode`
  Comma-separated list of local fetch cache modes.
`--fetch-cache-path` `dir`
  The directory of the local fetch cache.
`--fetch-cache-session` `id`
  The local fetch cache session.
`--sqlite-synchronous` `mode`
  Filesystem synchronization mode for the fetch cache and configuration SQLite databases.
`--pkg-proxy` `url`
  HTTP proxy server to use when fetching package manifests and archives from remote `pkg` repositories.
`--git` `path`
  The git program to be used to fetch git repositories.
`--git-option` `opt`
  Additional common option to be passed to the git program.
`--sha256` `path`
  The sha256 program to be used to calculate SHA256 sums.
`--sha256-option` `opt`
  Additional option to be passed to the sha256 program.
`--tar` `path`
  The tar program to be used to extract package archives.
`--tar-option` `opt`
  Additional option to be passed to the tar program.
`--openssl` `path`
  The openssl program to be used for crypto operations.
`--openssl-option` `opt`
  Additional option to be passed to the openssl program.
`--auth` `type`
  Types of repositories to authenticate.
`--trust` `fingerprint`
  Trust repository certificate with a SHA256 `fingerprint`.
`--trust-yes`
  Assume the answer to all authentication prompts is `yes`.
`--trust-no`
  Assume the answer to all authentication prompts is `no`.
`--git-capabilities` `up`=`pc`
  Protocol capabilities (`pc`) for a `git` repository URL prefix (`up`).
`--pager` `path`
  The pager program to be used to show long text.
`--pager-option` `opt`
  Additional option to be passed to the pager program.
`--options-file` `file`
  Read additional options from `file`.
`--default-options` `dir`
  The directory to load additional default options files from.
`--no-default-options`
  Don't load default options files.
`--keep-tmp`
  Don't remove the `bpkg`'s temporary directory at the end of the command execution and print its path at the verbosity level 2 or higher.

# DEFAULT OPTIONS FILES

See `bpkg-default-options-files(1)` for an overview of the default options files. For the `pkg-build` command the search start directory is the configuration directory. The following options files are searched for in each directory and, if found, loaded in the order listed:

    bpkg.options
    bpkg-pkg-build.options

The following `pkg-build` command options cannot be specified in the default options files:

    --directory|-d

# BUGS

Send bug reports to the users@build2.org mailing list.